Africa is the world’s second largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, it is joined to Asia at its northeast extremity by the Isthmus of Suez, 163 km wide.
Most important cities: Cairo, Marrakech, Casablanca, Algiers, Abidjan, Nairobi, Dakar, Cap Town, Dar es Salaam, Accra
Demographics: Total Africa’s population is estimated at around 900 million people in 2005.
Languages: There are an estimated 1800 languages spoken in Africa. The more spoken languages are -with more than 120 millions speakers- : Arabic, Swahili, Hausa, and Yoruba. Then come the European languages spoken by many people in Africa: English, French, and Portuguese. These are languages used by post-colonial organisations and urban people. It is important to notice that there is a multitude of dialects in the countries that make the African continent.
Geography: Africa is an enormous and very old continental elevated platform, between 600 and 800 msnm. There are very big rivers but few of them. Lands are very fertiles and highly adapted to the breeding of herds. Africa’s largest country is Sudan, and its smallest country is the Seychelles, an archipelago off the east coast. The smallest nation on the continental mainland is The Gambia.
Climate: The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert or arid, while its central and southern areas contain both savanna plains and very dense jungle (rainforest) regions. In between, there is a convergence where vegetation patterns such as sahel, and steppe dominate. Africa is the sunniest continent in the World, which could explain the origin of its name: Africa from Latin: without cold.
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